PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.